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ObjectiveMiRNA can regulate the occurrence and development of many inflammatory diseases, which is one of the hot spots in the research of inflammatory diseases. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammation, and the role of microRNA-19a in the regulation of bronchial asthma is still unclear. This paper discusses the expression changes of microRNA-19a /PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway in rat asthma model.Methods(1) The rat model of chronic bronchial asthma was established. (2) The expression levels of AKT, p-AKT and PTEN in lung tissues were detected by western blot. (3) microRNA-19a expression in lung tissue of the model was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results(1) HE, MASSON, PSA and immunohistochemistry of lung tissues in the model were combined to determine the successful establishment of the model of chronic bronchial asthma. (2) Western blot results showed that the expression levels of AKT (0.434±0.012) and p-AKT (1.086±0.026) in asthma group were higher than those in control group and demi group. The decreased expression of PTEN (0.371±0.007) was statistically significant (P<0.05). (3)The expression of microRNA-19a in the lung tissues of the asthmatic rat model was significantly increased in the asthma group (6.22±1.61) and in the gedi group (1.93±0.54). Pair-comparison between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe microRNA-19a /PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway may be involved in the pathophysiological process of bronchial asthma.
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Objective To study the influence of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea, so as to make up for the defect caused by the lack of testing means to study the noise effect on behavioral characteristics of cochlear hearing by using numerical simulation method. Methods Based on CT scan images of healthy cochlea, and combined with self-programming, the three-dimensional finite element model of the cochlear spiral was established by using PATRAN software. Analysis on flow solid coupling frequency response and transient response was conducted by using NASTRAN software, and the impact of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea was numerically simulated. Results The calculated results were in agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature, which verified the correctness of the model. When the frequency was lower than 5 kHz, the basement membrane displacement by noise excitation under normal and high pressure environment was basically the same; when the frequency was higher than 5 kHz, the basement displacement by noise excitation under normal environment decreased gradually. Conclusions Under high pressure environment, the high-frequency noise shows a more obvious effect on the basilar membrane. The numerical simulation results can make up for the deficiency in studies about noise effect on characteristics of human cochlear hearing due to the lack of experimental methods, and provide new ideas and theoretical support for targeted experimental study of the cochlea in the future.
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Objective To study the influence of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea,so as to make up for the defect caused by the lack of testing means to study the noise effect on behavioral characteristics of cochlear hearing by using numerical simulation method.Methods Based on CT scan images of healthy cochlea,and combined with self-programming,the three-dimensional finite element model of the cochlear spiral was established by using PATRAN software.Analysis on flow solid coupling frequency response and transient response was conducted by using NASTRAN software,and the impact of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea was numerically simulated.Results The calculated results were in agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature,which verified the correctness of the model.When the frequency was lower than 5 kHz,the basement membrane displacement by noise excitation under normal and high pressure environment was basically the same;when the frequency was higher than 5 kHz,the basement displacement by noise excitation under normal environment decreased gradually.Conclusions Under high pressure environment,the high-frequency noise shows a more obvious effect on the basilar membrane.The numerical simulation results can make up for the deficiency in studies about noise effect on characteristics of human cochlear hearing due to the lack of experimental methods,and provide new ideas and theoretical support for targeted experimental study of the cochlea in the future.
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Objective To study the influence of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea,so as to make up for the defect caused by the lack of testing means to study the noise effect on behavioral characteristics of cochlear hearing by using numerical simulation method.Methods Based on CT scan images of healthy cochlea,and combined with self-programming,the three-dimensional finite element model of the cochlear spiral was established by using PATRAN software.Analysis on flow solid coupling frequency response and transient response was conducted by using NASTRAN software,and the impact of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea was numerically simulated.Results The calculated results were in agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature,which verified the correctness of the model.When the frequency was lower than 5 kHz,the basement membrane displacement by noise excitation under normal and high pressure environment was basically the same;when the frequency was higher than 5 kHz,the basement displacement by noise excitation under normal environment decreased gradually.Conclusions Under high pressure environment,the high-frequency noise shows a more obvious effect on the basilar membrane.The numerical simulation results can make up for the deficiency in studies about noise effect on characteristics of human cochlear hearing due to the lack of experimental methods,and provide new ideas and theoretical support for targeted experimental study of the cochlea in the future.
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Objective To study the effects of high pressure environment on human cochlea, so as to supplement inadequate study on cochlea behavior under high pressure conditions due to insufficient experimental methods, and provide new ideas for the targeted research on cochlea in future. Methods Based on CT scan images of normal human cochlea and combined with self-compiling program and the software PATRAN, a three-dimensional finite element model of spiral cochlea was constructed. The fluid-solid coupling frequency response analysis and transient response analysis were made by using NASTRAN. The effect of high pressure on cochlea was then investigated by numerical simulation. Results The simulated results of ratio of displacement at 12 mm from basilar membrane to that at the oval window were consistent with those reported in the literature, which verified the correctness of the model. In high pressure environment, the amplitude of cochlea basilar membrane at characteristic frequency point would decrease with the pressure increasing. Conclusions High pressure conditions can ultimately lead to the loss of human hearing. The research findings provide the theoretical support for developing high pressure buffer devices in clinic.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous studies reported interleukin-27 (IL-27), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), or adenosine deaminase (ADA) alone plays a helpful role in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). The present study aims at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of pleural IL-27, IFN-γ, and ADA, and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of IL-27, IFN-γ, or/and ADA for differentiating TPE from pleural effusions with the other etiologies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The concentrations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA were simultaneously determined in pleural fluids and sera from 40 patients with TPE; 26 with malignant pleural effusion, seven with infectious pleural effusion, and eight with transudative pleural effusion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method. The corresponding biochemical indexs were also simultaneously determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of pleural IL-27 and IFN-γ in the tuberculous group were significantly higher than those in the malignant, infectious, and transudative groups. The concentrations of ADA in TPE were significantly higher than those in MPE or transudative effusions, while much lower than those in infectious effusions. Among these three biomarkers, IL-27 was the most effective for TPE diagnosis, with the cut off value of 900.8 ng/L. IL-27 had a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 97.6% for differential diagnosis of TPE from non-TPEs. Combinations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA measurements further increased the sensitivity or specificity up to 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to non-TPEs, IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA all simultaneously increased in TPE; and among these three rapid detection methods, IL-27 appeared to be the best for distinguishing tuberculous from non-TPEs, especially from MPE. Combinations of the three markers (IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA) yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the applications of a new biomarker, IL-27, alone or with IFN-γ and ADA, may contribute to more efficient diagnosis strategies in the management of tuberculous pleurisy.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenosine Deaminase , Blood , Metabolism , Interferon-gamma , Blood , Metabolism , Interleukin-27 , Blood , Metabolism , Pleural Effusion , Blood , Metabolism , Tuberculosis, Pleural , Blood , Diagnosis , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) proteins are a family of cell surface receptors expressed broadly by cells of the myeloid lineage. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in pleural effusions, and to determine the effects of pneumonia on pleural sTREM-1 concentrations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pleural fluid was collected from 109 patients who presented to the respiratory institute (35 with malignant pleural effusion, 31 with tuberculous pleural effusion, 21 with bacterial pleural effusion, and 22 with transudate). The concentrations of sTREM-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were determined in effusion and serum samples by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of sTREM-1 in bacterial pleural effusion were significantly higher than those in malignant, tuberculous, and transudative groups (all P < 0.001). An sTREM-1 cutoff value of 768.1 ng/L had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 93%. Pleural sTREM-1 levels were positively correlated with levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Patients with complicating bacterial pneumonia did not have elevated concentration of sTREM-1 in pleural effusion when compared with patients without pneumonia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Determination of pleural sTREM-1 may improve the ability of clinicians to differentiate pleural effusion patients of bacterial origin from those with other etiologies. The occurrence of bacterial pneumonia did not affect pleural sTREM-1 concentrations.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interleukin-1beta , Membrane Glycoproteins , Pleural Effusion , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Pneumonia , Metabolism , Prospective Studies , Receptors, Immunologic , Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Antigen-loaded eosinophils (EOSs) instilled intratracheally into mice were capable of inducing Th2-type cytokine production in the draining lymph nodes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether EOSs within the tracheobronchial lumen can stimulate Th2 cell expansion in the lung tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Airway EOSs were recovered from ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice, these EOSs were then cocultured with CD4+ cells isolated from sensitized mice in the absence or presence of anti-CD80 or/and -CD86 monoclonal antibodies. Airway EOSs were instilled into the trachea of sensitized mice. At the day 3 thereafter, the lung tissues were removed and prepared into cell suspensions for culture. Cell-free culture supernatants were collected for detection of cytokines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Airway EOSs functioned as CD80- and CD86-dependent antigen-presenting cells to stimulate lung CD4+ lymphocytes to produce interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interleukin-13, but not interferon-gamma in in vitro assay. When instilled intratracheally in sensitized recipient mice, airway EOSs primed lung Th2 cells in vivo for interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interleukin-13, but not interferon-gamma, production during the in vitro culture that was also CD80- and CD86-dependent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EOSs within the lumina of airways could process inhaled antigen and function in vitro and in vivo as antigen-presenting cells to promote expansion of Th2 cells in the lungs.</p>